PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.